PROCEDURE TEXT
PROCEDURE TEXT
Definition
Procedure
text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved
through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform
different processes in a sequence of steps. Or The Procedure text
tells the readers how to do or make something. The information is presented in
logical sequence of events that are broken into steps. In other words procedure
is a sequence of steps in a particular order. It is also known as instructions
or directions. The most common example of procedural text is a recipe.
This text uses simple present
tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such
as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
Social function/purpose
to
describe something which is accomplished through a sequence of action or steps.
Generic structure
§ Goal
It is contain the purpose of the text. (e.g : How to
make spaghetti)
§
Material
or Ingredient
It is contain of the materials that used in the
process. (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil,
etc)
§ Step
It is
contain of the steps to make something in the goal. (e.g : first, wash the
tomatoes, onion, ...., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )
Language Features of Procedure Text
In the Procedure
Text, we use
§ Simple present tense.
- Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
- Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)
- Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)
Examples
of procedure text :
1.
GOAL :
How to make chocolate cheese sandwich
INGREDIENTS
:
·
Two slice of bread,
·
Cheddar cheese,
·
Chocolate milk
·
Chocolate sprinkles
TOOLS :
·
Knife
·
Plate
·
Microplane graters
STEPS :
·
First, put a slice of bread on the plate.
·
Second, put
the chocolate milk
·
Third, add grated cheese on it
·
After that, add chocolate sprinkles
·
Then, add more chocolate milk for best taste
·
Next, put a slice of
bread on the top to cover them, and cut into triangle shape.
·
Finally, serve it!
2. GOAL :
How to make ice milk
INGREDIENTS :
1 sachet vanila or chocolate milk
Ice pack
100 – 150 ml water
TOOLS :
Glass
Spoon
STEPS :
First, pour 1 sachet vanilla or chocolate milk into a glass
Second, add 100 – 150 ml water into it
Next, stir it by using spoon
Then, add some ice pack into it
Finally, ice milk is ready to be served
MAKING, ACCEPTING AND CANCELLING AN APPOINTMENT
MAKING, ACCEPTING AND CANCELLING AN APPOINTMENT
Definition
Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to make an arrangement to meet a person or be at place at a certain time.
Making an appointment :
- I have something important to talk to you. What about discussing it after school.
- How about working together after school?
- I`d like to make an appointment with ...
- How about tonight?
- How about after the break?
- Would tomorrow morning be possible?
- Can i see you tonight?
Accepting an appointment?
- Sure
- Certainly
- Great
- Great,that would be fine
- It`s a deal
- I `d be happy to…
- By all means
- I don`t mind…
- I see no objection
- Ok
- Why not.
- No problem
- I’ll come
- I’ll be there
Cancelling an appoinment
- I`m sorry. I`m afraid i can`t.
- I think i can`t
- I wish i could, but…
- I can`t make it, sorry.
- I`m terribly sorry. I`m busy.
- I really want to but…
- I don`t think i could.
- I really want but…
MAKING, ACCEPTING AND DECLINING/REFUSING AN INVITATION
EXPRESSION OF MAKING, ACCEPTING AND
DECLINING/REFUSING AN INVITATION
Definition
Invitation is a spoken or written request, solicitation, or an
attemp to somebody to go somewhere and join you at a specific event.
Purpose
is used to
invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
Generic structure
Invitation
consists of :
1.
Receiver (To)
2.
Body of invitation
-
Occation
-
Day or date
-
Time
-
Place
3.
Sender (From)
Kinds of invitation expressions:
Inviting :
- Would you like to………..?
- Would you like to come to………….?
- Do you want to………?
- We would like to invite you to…………..
- We would like you join us for……….
- How about………….?
- Do you mind to come to………..?
- Please come to………….
- I’ll be happy if you come to………
- Let’s we go to…………
- Would you like to ….
- Could you come to…
- I’d very much like
- Would you care to ….
- I’ll really happy if you come to….
- I’m sure that you won’t be disappointed to come to….
- We should be pleased/delighted if you could ...
- Why don’t you come to…
- Come and …
- You must come to …
Accepting an
invitation :
- Of course !
- Thank you, I will come.
- OK!
- I’d love to……….
- I’d like to………….
- That sounds great.
- It sounds a nice idea.
- That would be terrific !
- That would be amazing!
- That would be wonderful!
- Thanks for inviting me.
- It’s very kind of you to invite me.
- I’d be happy to……..
- I like that.
- I’d be delighted to……..
- Surely.
- That’s nice.
- What a delightful idea
- With the greatest pleasure
- Thank you very much for inviting me
- I would/will ….
- That would be very nice.
- That’s fine.
- Sure. Why not?
- OK,I will be there !
- All right.
- Sure, I am coming
Declining an
invitation :
- No, thank you.
- I’d love to, but………….
- I’m sorry. I can’t.
- I’d like to, but I have many thing to do right now.
- I don’t think I can go. Sorry.
- I’m afraid I’ve already promised ...
- It’s good, but………….
- Sorry. It’s good, but I can’t.
- I’m very sorry, I don’t think I can.
- I’d like to, but ….
- Thank you for asking me, but ….
- Unfortunately, I can’t ….
- In wish I could, but …
- Sorry, I am very busy
- Sorry, may be next time
- Thank you, but I can’t
EXAMPLE
There are 2
type of Invitation:
1.
Formal invitation
Formal
invitation is usually originate from university, companies, and a kind of it.
Normally formal invitation is written invitation. Example of formal invitation
:
Palangkaraya, 28th September 2012
To : Mr. Stewart
Jalan Hiu Putih No. 9
At Palangkaraya
Good morning, Mr. Stewart. We are
from the jewelry company want to inform you that we have make a meeting on :
Day/date : Monday, 5th October 2012
Time : at 8.00 a.m. – 11.00
a.m.
Place : at Aquarius Hotel Ballroom
It’s a pleasure that you would like to come.
Sincerely,
Jewelry Company
2.
Informal invitation
Informal
invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal
invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation. Example of informal
invitation :
Hi, guys.
I’d like to invite you to come to my
halloween party on :
Saturday, 2nd November
2012
Tonight
at 9 p.m.
At
my home, jalan Badak No. 97
Don’t
be late guys ! trick or treat ! yeaahh .....
With love,
Ghin
Here are some examples of invitation :
- Anniversary invitation
- Reunion invitation
- Birthday invitation
- Business invitation
- Lebaran day invitation
- Christmas invitation
- Valentine invitation
- Wedding invitation
- Reception invitation
- Ceremony invitation
- Halloween party invitation
- Response invitation
- Mother’s day invitation
- Father’s day invitation
EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE
EXPRESSION
OF SURPRISE/ AMAZEMENT AND DISBELIEVE
The
following are some examples of expression that we use to express
surprise/amazement
–
Really!
–
What a surprise!
–
No. Really!
–
Are you surprised?
–
Does it surprise you?
–
Guess what!
–
Can you believe it?
–
Isn’t this incredible?
The
following are some examples of expression that we use to express disbelieve
–
No, I don’t believe it.
–
Are you serious?
–
You must be joking
–
Are you kidding?
–
Oh, no. That’s not true!
–
Seeing is believing
The
following are some examples of Responses to the expression of
surprise/amazement or disbelieve
–
Good heavens
–
My goodness
–
This is really surprise
–
I don’t believe it
–
Really?
–
Seriously?
–
Never!
–
Goodness me!
–
You are joking
–
Is that right?
Students
Activity 1
Read and
practice the dialogue!
Michael
: Hey, buddy. Let me tell you about Milena, the cleverest student in the
School.
Jordan
: What happen to her?
Michael
: She got 50 for mathematic test last week.
Jordan
: Are
you serious? Oh, no. That’s not true.
Michael
: Do you know what?
Jordan
:
That’s only rumor, isn’t it? You don’t believe it, do you?
Michael
: Her mother got an accident the day before the test, so she was to stay
in the hospital.
Jordan
: Oh,
I’m sorry to hear that.
Answer the
question based on the dialogue above.
1.
What is the topic of the conversation?
Answer
: …………………………………………………….
2.
What does jordan feel after hearing the news?
Answer
: …………………………………………………….
3.
What does Jordan say to express his disbelieve?
Answer
: …………………………………………………….
4.
Underline the expression of surprise.
Answer
: …………………………………………………….
5.
Underline the expression of disbelieve.
Answer
: ……………………………………………………
Students
Activity 2
Create a
short conversation based on the following situation.
1. I met a
man who can walk on the fire.
2. Our
football team is choosen as the best team of the month.
3. I become
the champion of English speech contest last week
4. An
Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia last month.
5. One of
your friend got an accident and he broke one of his leg.
Students
Activity 3
Read and
practice the dialogue below!
Mahmod :
Hey, buddy. Let me tell you about Galena, the cleverest student in the school.
Joshep
: What happen to her?
Mahmod : She
got E for Mathematics test last week.
Joshep
: Are you serious?Oh, no that’s not true.
Mahmod : Do
you know what?
Joshep
: That’s only rumor, isn’t it?
You don’t
believe it, do you?
Mahmod : Her
mother got an accident the day before the test, so she has to stay in
the hospital.
Joshep
: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.
Answer
the question based on the dialogue!
What is the
topic of the conversation?
What does
Joshep feel after hearing the news?
What does
Joshep say to express his disbelieve?
Underline
the expression of surprise!
Underline
the expression of disbelieve!
OFFERING HELP
OFFERING
HELP
Offering Help
·
Can I help you?
·
What shall I do for you?
·
Would you like me to check this computer
for errors?
·
Shall I bring you a glass of water?
·
I’ll buy you a coke. Shall I?
·
What/ Where/ Which … Would you like me
to…?
·
Do you want me to post that letter for
you?
·
I’ll be glad to help?
Responses to accept an offer:
·
How kind of you! Thank you very much.
·
That’s very good of you!
·
That’s terribly kind,. Thank you very
much.
·
Yes, please do.
·
What a good idea!
·
Yes, please.
·
Thanks. That would be excellent.
·
Yes.
Refusing or rejecting an offer:
·
It’s all right thanks. I can manage that
alone!
·
No, thank you. But I am very grateful
·
That’s awfully kind, but there’s no
need.
·
No, please don’t bother.
·
No, thank you.
Dialog Example:
When offering help
Staff : Excuse me ma’am, Could I help you with your bags?
Guest : That would be great thanks.
Guest : That would be great thanks.
Staff : Pardon me sir, but it likes like you could use some help with
those packages.
Guest : I sure could, thanks.
Guest : I sure could, thanks.
When responding to help
Guest : Excuse me, can you
help me?
Staff : Of course ma’am, what can I do for you?
Guest : Someone just stole my purse off my shoulder outside the hotel.
Staff : Are you OK?
Guest : Yes, just shaken up a bit.
Staff : Why don’t you sit down here and I’ll call the police for you.
Guest : Thank you; I appreciate your help.
Staff : Of course ma’am, what can I do for you?
Guest : Someone just stole my purse off my shoulder outside the hotel.
Staff : Are you OK?
Guest : Yes, just shaken up a bit.
Staff : Why don’t you sit down here and I’ll call the police for you.
Guest : Thank you; I appreciate your help.
Guest : I don’t understand
what the taxi driver is trying to say. Could you translate for me?
Staff : Of curse sir, I’d be delighted to help.
Staff : Of curse sir, I’d be delighted to help.
At the
Receptionist
Frank : Good morning, Madam. Can I help you?
Cynthia : Good morning. Can I see the manager?
Frank : I’m sorry, he’s in a conference at the moment.
Cynthia : Oh, well, never mind.
Frank : Would you like me to make an appointment for you
tomorrow?
Cynthia : Oh, yes please. For 11 am.
Frank : Just a minute… I’m sorry he has another meeting at
11 am. Will 2 pm in the afternoon be all right you?
Cynthia : No, thank you. I’ll meet him at his residence tonight.
It’s something urgent.
Frank : Would you like me to tell him anything?
Cynthia : Thanks. You could tell him that Mrs. Cynthia was here.
Frank : I will tell him.
Cynthia : Thank you.
To offering
help we can use this expression below:
- May I help
you?
- Can I help
you?/could I help you?
- How can I be
of assistance to you
- How can I be
of help to you
- What can I
help you? / what can I do for you?
- How can I
assist to you? / how can I help you?
- Let me help
you
- Do you want me
to help you?
- Shall I ….?
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)