PROCEDURE TEXT

06:27 4 Comments


PROCEDURE TEXT

Definition
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. Or The Procedure text tells the readers how to do or make something. The information is presented in logical sequence of events that are broken into steps. In other words procedure is a sequence of steps in a particular order. It is also known as instructions or directions. The most common example of procedural text is a recipe.

This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

Social function/purpose
to describe something which is accomplished through a sequence of action or steps.

Generic structure
§   Goal
It is contain the purpose of the text. (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
§   Material or Ingredient
It is contain of the materials that used in the process. (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc)
§   Step
It is contain of the steps to make something in the goal. (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, ...., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Language Features of Procedure Text
In the Procedure Text, we use 
§  Simple present tense.

  • Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
  • Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …) 
  • Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top) 

Examples  of procedure text :
1.       



GOAL :
How to make chocolate cheese sandwich

INGREDIENTS :                 
·           Two slice of bread,     
·           Cheddar cheese,   
·           Chocolate milk
·           Chocolate sprinkles
                                            
TOOLS :
·         Knife
·         Plate
·         Microplane graters 

STEPS :
·         First, put a slice of bread on the plate.
·         Second, put the chocolate milk
·         Third, add grated cheese on it
·         After that, add chocolate sprinkles
·         Then, add more chocolate milk for best taste
·         Next, put a slice of bread on the top to cover them, and cut into triangle shape.
·         Finally, serve it!


2. GOAL :
How to make ice milk



INGREDIENTS :
1 sachet vanila or chocolate milk
Ice pack
100 – 150 ml water

TOOLS :
Glass
Spoon

STEPS :
First, pour 1 sachet vanilla or chocolate milk into a glass
Second, add 100 – 150 ml water into it
Next, stir it by using spoon
Then, add some ice pack into it
Finally, ice milk is ready to be served

MAKING, ACCEPTING AND CANCELLING AN APPOINTMENT

09:49 Add Comment
MAKING, ACCEPTING AND CANCELLING AN APPOINTMENT

Definition
Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to make an arrangement to meet a person or be at place at a certain time.
Making an appointment :
  • I  have something important to talk to you. What about discussing it after school.
  • How about working together after school?
  • I`d like to make an appointment with ...
  • How about tonight?
  • How about after the break?
  • Would tomorrow morning be possible?
  • Can i see you tonight?

Accepting an appointment?
  • Sure
  • Certainly
  • Great
  • Great,that would be fine
  • It`s a deal
  • I `d be happy to…
  • By all means
  • I don`t mind…
  • I see no objection
  • Ok
  • Why not.
  • No problem
  • I’ll come
  • I’ll be there

Cancelling an appoinment

  • I`m sorry. I`m afraid i can`t.
  • I think i can`t
  • I wish i could, but…
  • I can`t make it, sorry.
  • I`m terribly sorry. I`m busy.
  • I really want to but…
  • I don`t think i could.
  • I really want but…

MAKING, ACCEPTING AND DECLINING/REFUSING AN INVITATION

06:52 22 Comments
EXPRESSION OF MAKING, ACCEPTING AND DECLINING/REFUSING AN INVITATION



Definition
Invitation is a spoken or written request, solicitation, or an attemp to somebody to go somewhere and join you at a specific event.
Purpose
is used to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
Generic structure
Invitation consists of :
1.        Receiver (To)
2.        Body of invitation
-          Occation
-          Day or date
-          Time
-          Place
3.        Sender (From)

Kinds of invitation expressions:
Inviting :
  • Would you like to………..?
  • Would you like to come to………….?
  • Do you want to………?
  • We would like to invite you to…………..
  • We would like you join us for……….
  • How about………….?
  • Do you mind to come to………..?
  • Please come to………….
  • I’ll be happy if you come to………
  • Let’s we go to…………
  • Would you like to ….
  • Could you come to…
  • I’d very much like
  • Would you care to ….
  • I’ll really happy if you come to….
  • I’m sure that you won’t be disappointed to come to….
  • We should be pleased/delighted if you could ...
  • Why don’t you come to…
  • Come and …
  • You must come to …


Accepting an invitation :
  • Of course !
  • Thank you, I will come.
  • OK!
  • I’d love to……….
  • I’d like to………….
  • That sounds great.
  • It sounds a nice idea.
  • That would be terrific !
  • That would be amazing!
  • That would be wonderful!
  • Thanks for inviting me.
  • It’s very kind of you to invite me.
  • I’d be happy to……..
  • I like that.
  • I’d be delighted to……..
  • Surely.
  • That’s nice.
  • What a delightful idea
  • With the greatest pleasure
  • Thank you very much for inviting me
  • I would/will ….
  • That would be very nice.
  • That’s fine.
  • Sure. Why not?
  • OK,I will be there !
  • All right.
  • Sure, I am coming


Declining an invitation :
  • No, thank you.
  • I’d love to, but………….
  • I’m sorry. I can’t.
  • I’d like to, but I have many thing to do right now.
  • I don’t think I can go. Sorry.
  • I’m afraid I’ve already promised ...
  • It’s good, but………….
  • Sorry. It’s good, but I can’t.
  • I’m very sorry, I don’t think I can.
  • I’d like to, but ….
  • Thank you for asking me, but ….
  • Unfortunately, I can’t ….
  • In wish I could, but …
  • Sorry, I am very busy
  • Sorry, may be next time
  • Thank you, but I can’t

EXAMPLE
There are 2 type of Invitation:

1.    Formal invitation
Formal invitation is usually originate from university, companies, and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation. Example of formal invitation :


Palangkaraya, 28th September 2012
To : Mr. Stewart
Jalan Hiu Putih No. 9
At Palangkaraya

Good morning, Mr. Stewart. We are from the jewelry company want to inform you that we have make a meeting on :
Day/date : Monday, 5th October 2012
Time        : at 8.00 a.m. – 11.00 a.m.
Place       : at Aquarius Hotel Ballroom

It’s a pleasure that you would like to come.
Sincerely,
Jewelry Company

2.    Informal invitation
Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation. Example of informal invitation :

Hi, guys.
I’d like to invite you to come to my halloween party on :
Saturday, 2nd November 2012
                                                Tonight at 9 p.m.
                                    At my home, jalan Badak No. 97

            Don’t be late guys ! trick or treat ! yeaahh .....
With love,
Ghin
Here are some examples of invitation :
  1. Anniversary invitation
  2. Reunion invitation
  3. Birthday invitation
  4. Business invitation
  5. Lebaran day invitation
  6. Christmas invitation
  7. Valentine invitation
  8. Wedding invitation
  9. Reception invitation
  10. Ceremony invitation
  11. Halloween party invitation
  12. Response invitation
  13. Mother’s day invitation
  14. Father’s day invitation 

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE

06:29 2 Comments
EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE/ AMAZEMENT AND DISBELIEVE



The following are some examples of expression that we use to express surprise/amazement
–          Really!
–          What a surprise!
–          No. Really!
–          Are you surprised?
–          Does it surprise you?
–          Guess what!
–          Can you believe it?
–          Isn’t this incredible?
The following are some examples of expression that we use to express disbelieve
–          No, I don’t believe it.
–          Are you serious?
–          You must be joking
–          Are you kidding?
–          Oh, no. That’s not true!
–          Seeing is believing
The following are some examples of Responses to the expression of surprise/amazement or disbelieve
–          Good heavens
–          My goodness
–          This is really surprise
–          I don’t believe it
–          Really?
–          Seriously?
–          Never!
–          Goodness me!
–          You are joking
–          Is that right?

Students Activity 1
Read and practice the dialogue!
Michael           :  Hey, buddy. Let me tell you about Milena, the cleverest student in the
School.
Jordan             :   What happen to her?
Michael           :  She got  50 for mathematic test last week.
Jordan             :  Are you serious? Oh, no. That’s not true.
Michael           :  Do you know what?
Jordan             :  That’s only rumor, isn’t it? You don’t believe it, do you?
Michael           :  Her mother got an accident the day before the test, so she was to stay in the hospital.
Jordan             :  Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.

Answer the question based on the dialogue above.
1.  What is the topic of the conversation?
Answer  : …………………………………………………….
2.  What does jordan feel after hearing the news?
Answer  : …………………………………………………….
3.  What does Jordan say to express his disbelieve?
Answer  : …………………………………………………….
4.  Underline the expression of surprise.
Answer  : …………………………………………………….
5.  Underline the expression of disbelieve.
Answer  : ……………………………………………………


Students Activity 2
Create a short conversation based on the following situation.
1. I met a man who can walk on the fire.
2. Our football team is choosen as the best team of the month.
3. I become the champion of English speech contest last week
4.  An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia last month.
5. One of your friend got an accident and he broke one of his leg.

Students Activity 3
Read and practice the dialogue below!
Mahmod : Hey, buddy. Let me tell you about Galena, the cleverest student in the school.
Joshep    : What happen to her?
Mahmod : She got E for Mathematics test last week.
Joshep    : Are you serious?Oh, no that’s not true.
Mahmod : Do you know what?
Joshep    : That’s only rumor, isn’t it?
You don’t believe it, do you?
Mahmod : Her mother got an accident the day before the test, so she has to stay in the     hospital.
Joshep    : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.

Answer the question based on the dialogue!
What is the topic of the conversation?
What does Joshep feel after hearing the news?
What does Joshep say to express his disbelieve?
Underline the expression of surprise!
Underline the expression of disbelieve!

OFFERING HELP

05:42 Add Comment
OFFERING HELP

Offering Help
·         Can I help you?
·         What shall I do for you?
·         Would you like me to check this computer for errors?
·         Shall I bring you a glass of water?
·         I’ll buy you a coke. Shall I?
·         What/ Where/ Which … Would you like me to…?
·         Do you want me to post that letter for you?
·         I’ll be glad to help?

Responses to accept an offer:
·         How kind of you! Thank you very much.
·         That’s very good of you!
·         That’s terribly kind,. Thank you very much.
·         Yes, please do.
·         What a good idea!
·         Yes, please.
·         Thanks. That would be excellent.
·         Yes.

Refusing or rejecting an offer:
·         It’s all right thanks. I can manage that alone!
·         No, thank you. But I am very grateful
·         That’s awfully kind, but there’s no need.
·         No, please don’t bother.
·         No, thank you.

Dialog Example:
When offering help
Staff    : Excuse me ma’am, Could I help you with your bags?
Guest   : That would be great thanks.
Staff    : Pardon me sir, but it likes like you could use some help with those packages.
Guest   : I sure could, thanks.
When responding to help
Guest   : Excuse me, can you help me?
Staff    : Of course ma’am, what can I do for you?
Guest   : Someone just stole my purse off my shoulder outside the hotel.
Staff    : Are you OK?
Guest   : Yes, just shaken up a bit.
Staff    : Why don’t you sit down here and I’ll call the police for you.
Guest   : Thank you; I appreciate your help.
Guest   : I don’t understand what the taxi driver is trying to say. Could you translate for me?
Staff    : Of curse sir, I’d be delighted to help.

Examples of English Conversations, practice it with your friend.
At the Receptionist
Frank               : Good morning, Madam. Can I help you?
Cynthia           : Good morning. Can I see the manager?
Frank               : I’m sorry, he’s in a conference at the moment.
Cynthia           : Oh, well, never mind.
Frank               : Would you like me to make an appointment for you tomorrow?
Cynthia           : Oh, yes please. For 11 am.
Frank               : Just a minute… I’m sorry he has another meeting at 11 am. Will 2 pm in the    afternoon be all right you?
Cynthia           : No, thank you. I’ll meet him at his residence tonight. It’s something urgent.
Frank               : Would you like me to tell him anything?
Cynthia           : Thanks. You could tell him that Mrs. Cynthia was here.
Frank               : I will tell him.
Cynthia           : Thank you.

To offering help we can use this expression below:
-          May I help you?
-          Can I help you?/could I help you?
-          How can I be of assistance to you
-          How can I be of help to you
-          What can I help you? / what can I do for you?
-          How can I assist to you? / how can I help you?
-          Let me help you
-          Do you want me to help you?

-          Shall I ….?
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